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It is considered the most abundant terpene among the various cannabis strains, which is responsible for a sweet tropical flavor and an earthy aroma with a hint of the mask. Other than that, b-Myrcene is found in hops, thyme, bay leaves, parsley, and basil as well as in cardamom, lemon grass, mango, and Spanish lime fruits. b-Myrcene is considered as having sedative effects, and studies have demonstrated a reduction in stress and anxiety levels while elevating a sense of relaxation and calmness, energy levels, and mood. It likewise demonstrated pain relief and sleep induction potential together with strong antioxidant activity.

Being spicy and pungent, b-Caryophyllene conveys a pleasant warmth. This terpene is found in various aromatic plants and spices, such as black pepper, basil, oregano, cloves, rosemary, and cinnamon, as well as in popular cannabis strains such as Girl Scout Cookies. b-Caryophyllene is the only terpene that acts within the body like a cannabinoid. It affects the cannabinoid system by binding to CB2 receptors throughout the body, and it likewise has an anti-inflammatory effect.

Limonene is the most abundant terpene in nature. It is the main constituent in citrus peel essential oil (orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit, and mandarins) having a strong citrus-lemon aroma. According to research from 2018, not only THC but also certain terpenes contribute to the “high” and mood elevation effects that characterize various cannabis strains – due to the known ‘entourage effect’, and limonene is the terpene that is mostly associated with mood elevation and euphoria. This is the reason why limonene and other citrus scents are used in aromatherapy and the perfume industry for these purposes.  In one study, inhalation of limonene vapor increased serotonin and dopamine levels in key regions of the brain that are associated with anxiety, depression, and OCD. In addition, preliminary clinical studies have shown that limonene has the potential to dissolve gallstones, relieve heartburn due to its gastric-acid neutralizing effect and improve peristalsis. It has likewise demonstrated a partial benefice effect as part of the treatment of certain types of cancers.

a-Humulene is a with an earthy-woody aroma. Its name is derived from the plant Hummulus Lupulus which belongs to the same botanic family as the cannabis plant, and it is likewise found in sage and ginseng roots.  a-Humulene constitutes part of the defense mechanism of the cannabis plant against various pests, due to its strong anti-microbial activity. Preliminary studies demonstrated anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, gastro-protective, and appetite suppression potential.

Linalool is a terpene that is quite abundant in nature and is found in over 200 types of plants, including lavender, roses, basil, and neroli oil. It has a characteristic lavender-dominant aroma with some gentle hints of pungency. Plants produce linalool as part of their defense mechanism against pests, and this explains linalool’s strong anti-microbial properties and the fact that it is being studied as an anti-bacterial agent. In traditional herbal medicine, it is customary to use medicinal herbs containing linalool for calming and relaxing the body. And indeed, clinical research on lavender essential oil (of which linalool is a major constituent) has demonstrated a calming, stress-reducing effect. Additionally, in a clinical study with patients post gastric band surgery, inhaling linalool vapor had a significant analgesic effect.

Guaiol is a terpene with a characteristic piney aroma with notes of rose scents. It is found in abundance in the guaiacum tree, from which he got his name, and in Callitris. It has been used for many years in traditional herbal medicine as part of the treatment of various health condition, including coughing, constipation, and arthritis, and it is attributed to its anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activity. It is noteworthy, however, that the research on Guaiol is still very preliminary at this point.